Regulatory mechanism of a light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in chlorophyll biosynthesis and environmental adaptation
Qi Wang, Jing Gao, Jiyu Chen, Xianming Tan, Chunyan Liu, Yu Liang, Feng Yang, Wenyu Yang
Abstract
Chlorophyll is a vital component of photosynthesis and must be produced throughout the plant life cycle. Light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) is a pivotal enzyme in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway, catalysing the conversion of Pchlide to Chlide. The presence of different types of LPOR ensures the efficient synthesis of chlorophyll in photosynthetic organisms during the dark-light transition. In addition to the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation of LPOR function under different abiotic stresses, the nature of the substrate also influences LPOR function. Here, we offer a perspective on chlorophyll synthesis and the development of chloroplasts, summarizes the importance of LPOR in safeguarding plant light energy utilization, outlines the gene expression pattern and structural-functional features of LPOR, as well as the role of LPOR in abiotic stress tolerance response, and discusses the catalytic mechanism of LPOR as well as the modulation of LPOR by light signals and other environmental factors. The aim is to provide references for the cultivation and innovation of plant germplasm resources with stress tolerance.