A comprehensive review of recent advancements and challenges in breakwater oscillating water column technology for wave energy conversion
Ahmad Shah Hizam Md Yasir, Mohamad Alif Omar, Nurul Afiqah Mohd Azhar, Azfarizal Mukhtar, Mohd Zamri Yusoff
Abstract
Ocean energy conversion is an emerging field that aims to tap into the vast and sustainable energy reserves of the oceans, exploiting waves, tides, currents, and temperature differences. This review examines recent advancements and challenges in Breakwater Oscillating Water Column (BOWC) technology for wave energy conversion, focusing on design optimisation, environmental impact and the potential for renewable energy generation. Key challenges, including cost efficiency and structural durability in harsh marine conditions, are also discussed. Wave energy conversion harnesses the kinetic energy generated by ocean waves when the wind hits the ocean surface. This energy source is characterized by high regularity and predictability, enabling its effective integration into the power grid. Several wave-energy devices, including point absorbers, attenuators, and overtopping devices, are being developed to deliver excellent efficiency and reliability. Researchers are also investigating advanced materials and manufacturing techniques to improve the durability and cost-effectiveness of these devices. Despite the challenges posed by the harsh marine environment and the high costs associated with these devices, the ongoing progress indicates a promising future for wave energy conversion. Combined with supportive policies and continued research and innovation, this technology can play a critical role in the transition to a sustainable and renewable energy future. In addition, this review examines the historical context of wave energy conversion and provides a comprehensive overview of BOWC technology. Key aspects covered include design classifications, potential challenges, theoretical discussions on resonance and hydrodynamics, numerical modelling, experimental studies, wave-structure interaction theory, and environmental impacts. By synthesizing this wealth of information, this review aims to provide researchers with a holistic perspective of the current state of research and development as it pertains to BOWC technology, furthering the application of wave energy as a clean and renewable energy source. • This comprehensive review focuses on wave energy conversion to electrical energy. • The breakwater oscillation water column technology is explored in particular. • This review furthers the use of wave energy as a clean and renewable energy source.