Measurement of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> nuclear modification at backward and forward rapidity in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>200</mml:mn><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>GeV</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>
U. Acharya, C. Aidala, Y. Akiba, M. Alfred, V. Andrieux, N. Apadula, H. Asano, B. Azmoun, V. Babintsev, N. S. Bandara, K. N. Barish, S. Bathe, A. Bazilevsky, M. Beaumier, R. Belmont, A. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikov, L. Bichon, B. Blankenship, D. Blau, J. Bok, V. Borisov, M. L. Brooks, J. Bryslawskyj, V. Bumazhnov, S. Campbell, V. Canoa Roman, R. Cervantes, M. Chiu, C. Y., I. J. Choi, J. B. Choi, Z. H. Citron, M. Connors, R. Corliss, Y. Corrales Morales, N. Cronin, T. Csörgő, M. Csanád, T. W. Danley, M. S. Daugherity, G. David, C. T. Dean, K. DeBlasio, K. Dehmelt, A. Denisov, A. Deshpande, E. J. Desmond, A. Dion, D. Dixit, J. H., V. Doomra, A. Drees, K. A. Drees, J. M. Durham, A. Durum, H. En‘yo, A. Enokizono, R. Esha, S. Esumi, B. Fadem, W. Fan, N. Feege, D. E. Fields, M. Finger, M. Finger, D. Fitzgerald, S. Fokin, J. E. Frantz, A. Franz, A. D. Frawley, Y. Fukuda, P. Gallus, C. Gal, P. Garg, H. Ge, M. Giles, F. Giordano, Y. Goto, N. Grau, S. V. Greene, M. Große Perdekamp, T. Gunji, H. Guragain, T. Hachiya, J. S. Haggerty, K. I. Hahn, H. Hamagaki, H. F. Hamilton, J. Hanks, Seyoung Han, M. Harvey, S. Hasegawa, T. O. S. Haseler, T. K. Hemmick, X. He, J. C. Hill, KK Hill, A. Hodges, R. S. Hollis
Abstract
In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the analysis of charmonium yields normalized to those in $p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p$ collisions has been shown to reveal final-state interactions occurring in the hot and dense strongly interacting matter created in such events. However, until recently, similar analyses of charmonium measured in smaller collision systems---$p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}A$ versus $p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p$---were performed in terms of cold nuclear matter effects. The measurements reported by the PHENIX Collaboration of the production of $J/\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Psi}}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Psi}}(2S)$ states at forward and backward rapidity, strongly suggest the presence of final-state effects also in small collision systems.