Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of <i>Microviridae</i> φX174 Infection Reveals Broad Upregulation of Host Escherichia coli Membrane Damage and Heat Shock Responses

Abstract

host response to infection has never been investigated in detail. We reveal the proteomic and transcriptomic pathways differentially regulated during the φX174 infection cycle and uncover the details of a coordinated cellular response to membrane damage that results in increased lipoprotein processing and membrane trafficking, likely due to the phage antibiotic-like lysis protein. We also reveal that small heat shock proteins IbpA/B are massively upregulated during infection and that these holdase chaperones are highly conserved across the domains of life, indicating that reliance on them is likely widespread across viruses.

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