Molecular Epidemiology and Sequencing of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli APEC in Egypt
Dalia M. Sedeek, M. Rády, Hanaa S. Fedawy, Nagwa S. Rabie
Abstract
A vian colibacillosis is one of the most famous diseases causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry overall world as it leads to supreme morbidity and mortality of influenced birds (Schouler et al., 2012; Paixao et al., 2016).It is a localized or systemic infection, described by different syndromes involving septicemia, respiratory disease, yolk sac infection, swollen head syndrome, omphalitis, and cellulitis, or an integration of these syndromes (Omer et al., 2010; Ahmed et al., 2013; De-Carli et al., 2015).APEC infections are related to stress induced by infections with New Castle disease (ND) virus, infectious bronchitis (IB) virus, infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus, mycoplasma, and environmental influences such as humidity, temperature, dust and ammonia in farms.Moreover, E. coli can pierce through the egg shell when it is contaminated with feces then propagate to chickens during hatching, causing high early chick mortality, as well as the yolk sac infection (Dho-Moulin and Fairbrother, 1999; Kabir, 2010).APEC is Gram-negative bacterium which of Enterobacteriaceae family and considered to be a member of the extra intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) group (De-oliveira et al.,