Comparative evaluation of pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus: A review
Amisha Sharma, Priyanka Priyanka, Amarish Kumar Sharma
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic and progressive metabolic disorder characterized by a high level of blood sugar, i.e., glucose in the body. Glucose is the main source of energy in the human body. The level of glucose in the blood is controlled by the hormone called insulin, released by the pancreas. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized as glucose intolerance that begins and first recognition during pregnancy. Diabetes is very common in Asian countries, especially Indians. Obesity and advanced gestational age are the other risk factors for gestational diabetes.The acute, long-term, and transgenerational health complications of diabetes disease affect approximately 9-25 per cent of pregnancies worldwide. The present article discusses the concept, risk factors, pathogenesis, screening, and treatment of diabetes in pregnancy, as well as the complications, it can cause the mother and the fetus, as well as the long-term consequences.