A comprehensive analysis of the stochastic fractal–fractional tuberculosis model via Mittag-Leffler kernel and white noise
Saima Rashid, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal, Ahmed Alshehri, Rehana Ashraf, Fahd Jarad
Abstract
In this research, we develop a stochastic framework for analysing tuberculosis (TB) evolution that includes newborn immunization via the fractal–fractional (F–F) derivative in the Atangana–Baleanu sense. The population is divided into four groups by this system: susceptibility S(ξ), infectious I(ξ), immunized infants V(ξ), and restored R(ξ). The stochastic technique is used to describe and assess the invariant region, basic reproduction number, and local stability for disease-free equilibrium. This strategy has significant modelling difficulties since it ignores the unpredictability of the system phenomena. To prevent such problems, we convert the deterministic strategy to a randomized one, which seems recognized to have a vital influence by adding an element of authenticity and fractional approach. Owing to the model intricacies, we established the existence-uniqueness of the model and the extinction of infection was carried out. We conducted a number of experimental tests using the F–F derivative approach and obtained some intriguing modelling findings in terms of (i) varying fractional-order (φ) and fixing fractal-dimension (ω), (ii) varying ω and fixing φ, and (iii) varying both φ and ω, indicating that a combination of such a scheme can enhance infant vaccination and adequate intervention of infectious patients can give a significant boost.