Eriodictyol Suppresses Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Gingival Keratinocytes and the Inflammatory Response of Macrophages
Patricia Milagros Maquera-Huacho, Denise Madalena Palomari Spolidório, John A. Manthey, Daniel Grenier
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key pathogen of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that affects the tooth-supporting tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the flavanone eriodictyol on P. gingivalis -induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by gingival keratinocytes and the inflammatory response of macrophages. Porphyromonas gingivalis and H 2 O 2 acted synergistically to induce ROS production by keratinocytes. The presence of eriodictyol significantly attenuated ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. We used a macrophage model to show that eriodictyol decreases the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α induced by P. gingivalis . Evidence has been brought that this anti-inflammatory property of eriodictyol may be related to its ability to prevent the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by P. gingivalis . This periodontal pathogen was also found to be a potent inducer of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production by macrophages, including MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9. Eriodictyol dose-dependently inhibited the production of all three MMPs. Lastly, eriodictyol inhibited the catalytic activity of both MMP-9 and P. gingivalis collagenase. In conclusion, eriodictyol may be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and/or treating periodontal disease due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proteinase properties.