Central Nervous System Metastases from Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Treatments and Future Prospective
Arun Kadamkulam Syriac, Nitish Singh Nandu, Jose Pablo Leone
Abstract
Abstract: It is estimated that approximately one-third of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) will develop brain metastases. The prognosis for patients with breast cancer brain metastasis has improved in the recent past, especially for hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER) positive subtypes. However, the overall survival rate for patients with triple-negative subtype remains poor. The development of newer treatment options, including antibody-drug conjugates such as Sacituzumab govitecan, is particularly encouraging. This article reviews the clinical outcomes, challenges, and current approach to the treatment of brain metastasis in TNBC. We have also briefly discussed newer treatment options and ongoing clinical trials. The development of brain metastasis significantly decreases the quality of life of patients with TNBC, and newer treatment strategies and therapeutics are the need of the hour for this disease subgroup. Keywords: triple-negative breast cancer, metastatic disease, brain metastasis, prognosis clinical outcomes, immunotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, whole-brain radiation therapy, antibody–drug conjugate, oligometastatic brain metastasis, clinical outcomes, prediction, prognosis, personalization, multi-omics, machine learning, individualized treatment algorithms, patient benefits