Definitions, End Points, and Clinical Trial Designs for Bladder Cancer: Recommendations From the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer and the International Bladder Cancer Group
Ashish M. Kamat, Andrea B. Apolo, M. Babjuk, Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Peter C. Black, Roger Buckley, Matthew T. Campbell, Éva Compérat, Jason A. Efstathiou, Petros Grivas, Shilpa Gupta, Neil J. Kurtz, Donald L. Lamm, Seth P. Lerner, Roger Li, David J. McConkey, Joan Palou Redorta, Thomas Powles, Sarah P. Psutka, Neal D. Shore, Gary D. Steinberg, Richard Sylvester, J. Alfred Witjes, Matthew D. Galsky
Abstract
PURPOSE: There is a significant unmet need for new and efficacious therapies in urothelial cancer (UC). To provide recommendations on appropriate clinical trial designs across disease settings in UC, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) and the International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG) convened a multidisciplinary, international consensus panel. METHODS: Through open communication and scientific debate in small- and whole-group settings, surveying, and responses to clinical questionnaires, the consensus panel developed recommendations on optimal definitions of the disease state, end points, trial design, evaluations, sample size calculations, and pathology considerations for definitive studies in low- and intermediate-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), high-risk NMIBC, muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings, and metastatic UC. The expert panel also solicited input on the recommendations through presentations and public discussion during an open session at the 2021 Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network (BCAN) Think Tank (held virtually). RESULTS: The consensus panel developed a set of stage-specific bladder cancer clinical trial design recommendations, which are summarized in the table that accompanies this text. CONCLUSION: These recommendations developed by the SITC-IBCG Bladder Cancer Clinical Trial Design consensus panel will encourage uniformity among studies and facilitate drug development in this disease.