Immunogenic exosome-encapsulated black phosphorus nanoparticles as an effective anticancer photo-nanovaccine
Quan Liu, Taojian Fan, Yuanyuan Zheng, Shengli Yang, Zhiqiang Yu, Yanhong Duo, Yuhua Zhang, Dickson Adah, Lulin Shi, Zhe Sun, Dou Wang, Jianlei Xie, Hong Wu, Zongze Wu, Chenchen Ge, Lijun Qiao, Chaoying Wei, Luodan Huang, Qiaoting Yan, Qinhe Yang, Shiyun Bao, Liping Liu, Han Zhang
Abstract
Tumor vaccines are a promising form of cancer immunotherapy, but difficulties such as neo-antigen identification, activation of immune cells, and tumor infiltration prevent their clinical breakthrough. Interestingly, nanotechnology-based photothermal therapy (PTT) has great potential to overcome these barriers. Previous studies have shown that serum exosomes (hEX) from hyperthermia-treated tumor-bearing mice displayed an array of patient-specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), and strong immunoregulatory abilities in promoting dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and maturation. Here, we developed a tumor vaccine (hEX@BP) by encapsulating black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) with exosomes (hEX) against a murine subcutaneous lung cancer model. In comparison with BPQDs alone (BP), hEX@BP demonstrated better long-term PTT performance, greater elevation of tumor temperature and tumor targeting efficacy in vivo. Vaccination with hEX@BP in combination with PTT further demonstrated an outstanding therapeutic efficacy against established lung cancer, and promoted the infiltration of T lymphocytes into the tumor tissue. Our findings demonstrated that hEX@BP might be an innovative cancer photo-nanovaccine that offers effective immuno-PTT against cancers.