The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL
U. Zastrau, Karen Appel, Carsten Baehtz, Oliver Baehr, L E Batchelor, Andreas Berghäuser, Mohammadreza Banjafar, E. Brambrink, Valerio Cerantola, T. E. Cowan, H. Damker, Steffen Dietrich, S. Di Dio Cafiso, Jörn Dreyer, Hans-Olaf Engel, Thomas Feldmann, Stefan Findeisen, Manon Foese, Daniel Fulla-Marsa, Sebastian Göde, Mohamed Hassan, Jens Hauser, T. Herrmannsdörfer, Hauke Höppner, Johannes Kaa, P. Kaever, Klaus Knöfel, Zuzana Konôpková, Alejandro Laso García, Hanns‐Peter Liermann, Jona Mainberger, Mikako Makita, E. Martens, E. E. McBride, Dominik Möller, M. Nakatsutsumi, A. Pełka, Christian Plueckthun, Clemens Prescher, Thomas R. Preston, Michael Röper, A. Schmidt, W. Seidel, Jan‐Patrick Schwinkendorf, M. Schoelmerich, U. Schramm, Andreas Schropp, C. Strohm, K. Sukharnikov, Peter Talkovski, Ian Thorpe, M. Toncian, T. Toncian, L. Wollenweber, S. Yamamoto, T. Tschentscher
Abstract
photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X-ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate of 4.5 MHz. Its unique X-ray beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter at extreme conditions at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. The performance of the HED instrument during its first two years of operation, its scientific remit, as well as ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals of HED include the investigation of extreme states of matter created by intense laser pulses, diamond anvil cells, or pulsed magnets, and ultrafast X-ray methods that allow their diagnosis using self-amplified spontaneous emission between 5 and 25 keV, coupled with X-ray monochromators and optional seeded beam operation. The HED instrument provides two target chambers, X-ray spectrometers for emission and scattering, X-ray detectors, and a timing tool to correct for residual timing jitter between laser and X-ray pulses.