CADM2 is implicated in impulsive personality and numerous other traits by genome- and phenome-wide association studies in humans and mice
Sandra Sanchez‐Roige, Mariela Jennings, Hayley H. A. Thorpe, Jazlene E. Mallari, Lieke C van der Werf, Sevim B. Bianchi, Yuye Huang, Calvin Lee, Travis T. Mallard, Samuel A. Barnes, Jin Yi Wu, Amanda M. Barkley‐Levenson, Ely Cheikh Boussaty, Cedric E. Snethlage, Danielle Schafer, Zeljana Babic, Boyer D. Winters, Katherine Watters, Thomas Biederer, Stella Aslibekyan, Adam Auton, Elizabeth Babalola, Robert K. Bell, Jessica Bielenberg, Katarzyna Bryc, Emily Bullis, Daniella Coker, Gabriel Cuéllar-Partida, Devika Dhamija, Sayantan Das, Teresa Filshtein, Kipper Fletez‐Brant, Will Freyman, Karl Heilbron, Pooja Gandhi, Barry Hicks, David A. Hinds, Ethan M. Jewett, Yunxuan Jiang, Katelyn Kukar, Keng‐Han Lin, Maya Lowe, Jey C. McCreight, Matthew H. McIntyre, Steven J. Micheletti, Meghan E. Moreno, Joanna L. Mountain, Priyanka Nandakumar, Elizabeth S. Noblin, Jared O’Connell, Aaron A. Petrakovitz, G. David Poznik, Morgan Schumacher, Anjali J. Shastri, Janie F. Shelton, Jingchunzi Shi, Suyash Shringarpure, Vinh Tran, Joyce Y. Tung, Xin Wang, Wei Wang, Catherine H. Weldon, Peter Wilton, Alejandro Hernandez, Corinna Wong, Christophe Toukam Tchakouté, James MacKillop, David Stephens, Sarah L. Elson, Pierre Fontanillas, Jibran Y. Khokhar, Jared W. Young, Abraham A. Palmer
Abstract
Abstract Impulsivity is a multidimensional heritable phenotype that broadly refers to the tendency to act prematurely and is associated with multiple forms of psychopathology, including substance use disorders. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of eight impulsive personality traits from the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the short UPPS-P Impulsive Personality Scale ( N = 123,509–133,517 23andMe research participants of European ancestry), and a measure of Drug Experimentation ( N = 130,684). Because these GWAS implicated the gene CADM2 , we next performed single-SNP phenome-wide studies (PheWAS) of several of the implicated variants in CADM2 in a multi-ancestral 23andMe cohort ( N = 3,229,317, European; N = 579,623, Latin American; N = 199,663, African American). Finally, we produced Cadm2 mutant mice and used them to perform a Mouse-PheWAS (“MouseWAS”) by testing them with a battery of relevant behavioral tasks. In humans, impulsive personality traits showed modest chip-heritability (~6–11%), and moderate genetic correlations ( r g = 0.20–0.50) with other personality traits, and various psychiatric and medical traits. We identified significant associations proximal to genes such as TCF4 and PTPRF , and also identified nominal associations proximal to DRD2 and CRHR1 . PheWAS for CADM2 variants identified associations with 378 traits in European participants, and 47 traits in Latin American participants, replicating associations with risky behaviors, cognition and BMI, and revealing novel associations including allergies, anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, and migraine. Our MouseWAS recapitulated some of the associations found in humans, including impulsivity, cognition, and BMI. Our results further delineate the role of CADM2 in impulsivity and numerous other psychiatric and somatic traits across ancestries and species.