Mentorship and the advanced practice nurse: A concept analysis
Cheryl Swenson, Sarah J. Ogilvie, Sandra Richardson
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This concept analysis provides an operational definition on mentorship exclusive to the advanced practice nurse (APN), whereas previous works have focused on mentorship within the wider scope of nursing. This work includes the International Council of Nurses' broad understanding of mentorship to bring an international perspective. PURPOSE: The aim of this work is to propel development of strong mentorship programs for APNs who may be new to practice or in a transitional phase to a subspecialty. METHODOLOGY: A thorough evaluation of contemporary literature was conducted. Walker and Avant classic framework was used to analyze and dissect the concept of mentorship for APNs. RESULTS: Effective mentorship of APNs should include facilitation of knowledge, confidence, and competence, as well as emotional and psychosocial support. There should be a transition period where the APN can develop identity and professional skills and resolve "imposter syndrome." Mentorship needs to be recognized as separate from preceptorship, orientation, or career planning. CONCLUSIONS: Mentorship should occur during the transitional period of professional development. It should include emotional and cognitive support to help develop competence and confidence. The mentor needs support to have time and resources to support the mentee. It is ideal for mentors to be seasoned APNs. IMPLICATIONS: All APNs should have access to mentorship as part of their transition to a new scope of practice. Effective mentorship is best provided by experienced APNs. Mentorship should be recognized as separate from preceptorship and orientation. Mentorship should be a long-term commitment, with time and resources allocated.