Bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds from Pereskia aculeata and their cellular antioxidant effect
Thiago Mendanha Cruz, Amanda S. Lima, Feng Zhou, Liang Zhang, Luciana Azevedo, Mariza Boscacci Marques, Daniel Granato
Abstract
Ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata) is a Cactaceae plant with edible leaves and fruits whose extracts are consumed to promote health, albeit bioactive compounds' bioaccessibility was still not assessed. To address this, ora-pro-nobis fruits (FE) and leaf extracts (LE) were subjected to in vitro digestion to better understand how this process impacts the bioactivities of the extracts. The study investigated the composition of the extracts, their cytotoxicity, and their chemical, plasmatic, and cellular antioxidant capacity. The results revealed that total polyphenolics were about 70% bioaccessible in LE and FE, with phenylalanine being the most bioaccessible essential amino acid in leaves (42.7%) and fruits (83.6%). The samples' antioxidant activity (CUPRAC) was reduced by 25%. LE demonstrated antioxidant activity against human plasma oxidation and haemolysis (21.8%), but digestion mitigated these activities. FE diminished haemolysis (47.0%) and presented cytotoxicity (IC50 = 1086 μg/mL) to HUVEC cells, but these properties were lost following digestion. Ultimately, digestion partially degraded the samples' bioactive compounds, diminishing their cellular protection against oxidative stress.