Non-invasive transcutaneous influenza immunization using vaccine-loaded vaterite particles
Yulia I. Svenskaya, Ekaterina V. Lengert, Yana V. Tarakanchikova, Аlbert R. Muslimov, Мariia S. Saveleva, Elina A. Genina, Igor L. Radchenko, Л. А. Степанова, Andrey V. Vasin, Gleb B. Sukhorukov, Л. М. Цыбалова
Abstract
optical coherence tomography monitoring. The effectiveness of the designed immunization protocol was further demonstrated in an animal model by means of micro-neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The titers of secreted virus-specific IgGs were compared to those obtained in response to intramuscular immunization using conventional influenza vaccine formulation demonstrating no statistically significant differences in antibody levels between the groups. The findings of our pilot study render the intra-follicular delivery of the inactivated influenza vaccine by means of vaterite carriers a promising alternative to invasive immunization.