Antarctica and the Southern Ocean
Sharon Stammerjohn, T. A. Scambos, Susheel Adusumilli, Sandra Barreira, G. Bernhard, Deniz Bozkurt, Seth M. Bushinsky, Kyle R. Clem, Steve Colwell, Lawrence Coy, Jos de Laat, Marcel du Plessis, Ryan L. Fogt, Annie Foppert, H. A. Fricker, Alex Gardner, Sarah T. Gille, Tessa Gorte, B. J. Johnson, Eric Keenan, Daemon Kennett, Linda M. Keller, N. A. Kramarova, Kaisa Lakkala, Matthew A. Lazzara, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, JL Lieser, Zhi Li, Hongxing Liu, Craig S. Long, Michael MacFerrin, Michelle Maclennan, Robert A. Massom, David E. Mikolajczyk, Lynn Montgomery, Thomas L. Mote, Eric R. Nash, Paul A. Newman, Irina Petropavlovskikh, M. C. Pitts, Phillip Reid, Steven Rintoul, M. L. Santee, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Alessandro Silvano, Scott Stierle, S. E. Strahan, Adrienne J. Sutton, Sebastiaan Swart, Veronica Tamsitt, Bronte Tilbrook, Lei Wang, Nancy L. Williams, Xiaojun Yuan
Abstract
The Southern Ocean (SO) plays a unique role in the climate system and is responsible for 40%of oceanic anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and 75% of the ocean's uptake of heatfrom the atmosphere (Frolicher et al. 2015). The relatively recent increases in deployments ofbiogeochemical floats (Claustre et al. 2020), Saildrone Uncrewed Surface Vehicles (USVs; Suttonet al. 2021), and Deep Argo (Roemmich et al. 2019) have provided novel insights into seasonaland interannual variability in SO properties and fluxes. Here, we present 2020 anomalies of SOair–sea heat and CO2 fluxes and show recent changes in mixed layer (ML) and Antarctic BottomWater (AABW) properties.