Low Dark Current Organic Photodetectors Utilizing Highly Cyanated Non-fullerene Acceptors
Panagiota Kafourou, Zhuoran Qiao, Máté Tóth, Filip Aniés, Flurin Eisner, Nicola Gasparini, Martin Heeney
Abstract
Organic materials combining high electron affinity with strong absorption in the visible spectrum are of interest for photodetector applications. In this study, we report two such molecular semiconductors, based upon an acceptor–donor–acceptor (A-D-A) approach. Coupling of an acceptor end group, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,5,6-tricarbonitrile (TCNBT), with a donor cyclopentadithiophene core affords materials with a band gap of 1.5 eV and low-lying LUMO levels around −4.2 eV. Both materials were readily synthesized by a one-pot nucleophilic displacement of a fluorinated precursor by cyanide. The two acceptors only differ in the nature of the solubilizing alkyl chain, which is either branched 2-ethyl hexyl (EH-TCNBT) or linear octyl (O-TCNBT). Both acceptors were blended with polymer donor PTQ10 as an active layer in OPDs. Significant device differences were observed depending on the alkyl chain, with the branched acceptor giving the optimum performance. Both acceptors exhibited very low dark current densities, with values up to 10–5 mA cm–2 at −2 V, highlighting the potential of the highly cyanated cores (TCNBT) as acceptor materials.