Effect of Carbonate Apatite Hydrogel-Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin Injection on Osteoblastogenesis during Orthodontic Relapse in Rabbits
Ananto Ali Alhasyimi, Sri Suparwitri, Christnawati Christnawati
Abstract
Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of carbonate apatite (CHA) hydrogel-aPRF on osteoblastogenesis during relapse in rabbits. Materials and Methods Forty-five rabbits were divided into three groups (n = 15): the control, CHA, and CHA-autologous platelet-rich fibrin (aPRF) groups. An open-coil spring was compressed between brackets to distalize the lower incisors of the rabbits by delivering a force of 50 cN for 1 week. The new position of the teeth was retained for 14 days, and CHA hydrogel-aPRF was injected every 7 days. The appliances were then debonded to allow relapse. On days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after debonding, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 expression was examined using immunohistochemistry staining and Runx-2 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance and a post hoc Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Results Histomorphometric analysis revealed that TGF-β1 expression in the CHA-aPRF group is statistically higher than that in other groups on days 0, 3, and 7 after debonding (p < 0.05). BMP-2 expression in the CHA-aPRF group was also statistically higher than that in the other groups on days 3, 14, and 21 after debonding (p < 0.05). ELISA showed that Runx-2 levels are slightly higher in the CHA-aPRF group than in the other groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Although injection of CHA-aPRF aids in osteoblastogenesis associated with enhancing TGF-β1 and BMP-2 expressions, it does not significantly upregulate Runx-2 levels.