Purpurolide C-based microneedle promotes macrophage-mediated diabetic wound healing via inhibiting TLR4-MD2 dimerization and MYD88 phosphorylation
Yitong Liu, Yitong Liu, Gui‐Yang Xia, Yingyi Chen, Huan Xia, Junji Xu, Lijia Guo, Sheng Lin, Yi Liu, Yi Liu
Abstract
Delayed wound healing in diabetes is a global challenge, and the development of related drugs is a clinical problem to be solved. In this study, purpurolide C (PC), a small-molecule secondary metabolite of the endophytic fungus Penicillium purpurogenum, was found to promote diabetic wound healing. To investigate the key regulation targets of PC, in vitro RNA-seq, molecular docking calculations, TLR4-MD2 dimerization SDS-PAGE detection, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were performed, indicating that PC inhibited inflammatory macrophage activation by inhibiting both TLR4-MD2 dimerization and MYD88 phosphorylation. Tlr4 knockout in vivo attenuated the promotion effect of PC on wound healing. Furthermore, a delivery system consisting of macrophage liposome and GelMA-based microneedle patches combined with PC ([email protected] MN) was developed, which overcame the poor water solubility and weak skin permeability of PC, so that successfully punctured the skin and delivered PC to local tissues, and accurately regulated macrophage polarization in diabetic wound management. Overall, PC is an anti-inflammatory small molecule compound with a well-defined structure and dual-target regulation, and the [email protected] MN is a promising novel biomaterial for the management of diabetic wound.