Potential strategy for assessing QT/QTc interval for drugs that produce rapid changes in heart rate: Electrocardiographic assessment of the effects of intravenous remimazolam on cardiac repolarization
Robert Kleiman, Börje Darpö, Michael Thorn, Thomas Stoehr, Frank Schippers
Abstract
AIMS: Remimazolam is a new, ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine developed for intravenous (IV) use during procedural sedation and in general anaesthesia. Two trials were conducted to characterize its effects on cardiac repolarization. METHODS: A thorough QT/QTc (TQT) study assessed electrocardiography effects of therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of remimazolam and midazolam. To investigate whether RR-QT hysteresis effects due to rapid heart rate changes might have confounded the QTc assessments in the TQT trial, a second trial used continuous IV remimazolam infusion to achieve stable heart rates during periods of stable remimazolam plasma concentration. RESULTS: During the TQT, both compounds produced a 10-20-beats/min increase in heart rate within 30 seconds, persisting for 5-10 minutes. Within 30 seconds, the upper bound of the 2-sided 90% confidence interval for the placebo-corrected change from baseline for QTcI (ΔΔQTcI) exceeded 10 ms for both doses of remimazolam (ΔΔQTcI 7.2 [3.2, 11.2] ms for the 10 mg dose and 10.4 [6.5, 14.3] ms for the 20 mg dose) as well as for the 7.5-mg dose of midazolam (8.2 [4.4, 12.1] ms). At 2 minutes after IV bolus, the upper bound of the 2-sided 90% confidence interval for ΔΔQTcI exceeded 10 ms only for the remimazolam 20-mg dose (6.3 [2.3, 10.2] ms). During the second study, during periods of stable heart rate, remimazolam had no clinically significant effect on QTc (peak ΔΔQTcI 3.4 [-1.1, 7.6] ms). CONCLUSION: Remimazolam does not prolong cardiac repolarization (QTc). The methods reported here may allow assessment of the QTc effects of other drugs given by IV bolus.