A Review of the State of the Science of HIV and Stigma: Context, Conceptualization, Measurement, Interventions, Gaps, and Future Priorities
Michael V. Relf, William L. Holzemer, Lauren Holt, Laura Nyblade, Courtney Caiola
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Stigma is a fundamental cause of health inequities. As such, stigma is a major barrier to HIV prevention, care, and treatment. This review will examine the concept of stigma, explicating the mechanisms of action of HIV-related stigma while also examining intersectional stigma and structural stigma. Instruments to measure HIV-related stigma and its mechanisms of action, as well as stigma enacted and experienced by HIV health care providers, will also be reviewed. This article will conclude with a review of stigma interventions, gaps in the literature, and priorities for future HIV, intersectional, and structural stigma research.
Topics & Concepts
Stigma (botany)ConceptualizationPsychological interventionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)PsychologyHealth careCall to actionMedicineSocial psychologyPsychiatryPolitical scienceFamily medicineMarketingComputer scienceBusinessArtificial intelligenceLawHIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsHIV, Drug Use, Sexual RiskAdolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health