Porcine Deltacoronavirus nsp5 Cleaves DCP1A To Decrease Its Antiviral Activity
Xinyu Zhu, Jiyao Chen, Liyuan Tian, Yanrong Zhou, Shangen Xu, Siwen Long, Dang Wang, Liurong Fang, Shaobo Xiao
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) induction through IFN signaling is important to create an antiviral state and usually directly inhibits virus infection. The present study first demonstrated that PDCoV nsp5 can cleave mRNA-decapping enzyme 1a (DCP1A) to attenuate its antiviral activity. Furthermore, cleaving DCP1A is a common characteristic of nsp5 proteins from different coronaviruses (CoVs), which represents a common immune evasion mechanism of CoVs. Previous evidence showed that CoV nsp5 cleaves the NF-κB essential modulator and signal transducer and activator of transcription 2. Taken together, CoV nsp5 is a potent IFN antagonist because it can simultaneously target different aspects of the host IFN system, including IFN production and signaling and effector molecules.