A Glycosaminoglycan-Rich Fraction from Sea Cucumber Isostichopus badionotus Has Potent Anti-Inflammatory Properties In Vitro and In Vivo
Leticia Olivera‐Castillo, George Grant, Nuvia Kantún-Moreno, Hirian Alonso Moshe Barrera-Pérez, Jorge Montero, Miguel Á. Olvera‐Novoa, Leydi Maribel Carrillo‐Cocom, Juan José Acevedo‐Fernández, Cesar Puerto-Castillo, Victor May Solís, Juan Antonio Pérez-Vega, Judit Gil‐Zamorano, Enrique Hernández-Garibay, María A. Fernández‐Herrera, Mayra Pérez-Tapia, Óscar Medina‐Contreras, Jairo R. Villanueva-Toledo, Rossanna Rodríguez‐Canul, Alberto Dávalos
Abstract
Sea cucumber body wall contains several naturally occurring bioactive components that possess health-promoting properties. Isostichopus badionotus from Yucatan, Mexico is heavily fished, but little is known about its bioactive constituents. We previously established that I. badionotus meal had potent anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. We have now screened some of its constituents for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Glycosaminoglycan and soluble protein preparations reduced 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells while an ethanol extract had a limited effect. The primary glycosaminoglycan (fucosylated chondroitin sulfate; FCS) was purified and tested for anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. FCS modulated the expression of critical genes, including NF-ĸB, TNFα, iNOS, and COX-2, and attenuated inflammation and tissue damage caused by TPA in a mouse ear inflammation model. It also mitigated colonic colitis caused in mice by dextran sodium sulfate. FCS from I. badionotus of the Yucatan Peninsula thus had strong anti-inflammatory properties in vivo.