Health and ergogenic potential of oral adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) supplementation
Ralf Jäger, Martin Purpura, John A. Rathmacher, John C. Fuller, Lisa M. Pitchford, Fabrício Eduardo Rossi, Chad M. Kerksick
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, including muscle contraction, neurotransmission, and cardiac function. Initial research used enteric-coated ATP that displayed no apparent efficacy. However, ATP disodium supplementation has demonstrated improved bioavailability and acute and chronic benefits to cardiovascular health, muscular performance, body composition, and recovery while attenuating muscle breakdown and fatigue. In this review, we provide a critical assessment of oral ATP’s bioavailability and its various health and ergogenic benefits.