Photoelectron spectroscopy from a liquid flatjet
Dominik Stemer, Tillmann Buttersack, Henrik Haak, Sebastian Malerz, H. Christian Schewe, Florian Trinter, Karen Mudryk, Michele Pugini, Bruno Credidio, Robert Seidel, U. Hergenhahn, Gerard Meijer, Stephan Thürmer, Bernd Winter
Abstract
We demonstrate liquid-jet photoelectron spectroscopy from a flatjet formed by the impingement of two micron-sized cylindrical jets of different aqueous solutions. Flatjets provide flexible experimental templates enabling unique liquid-phase experiments that would not be possible using single cylindrical liquid jets. One such possibility is to generate two co-flowing liquid-jet sheets with a common interface in vacuum, with each surface facing the vacuum being representative of one of the solutions, allowing face-sensitive detection by photoelectron spectroscopy. The impingement of two cylindrical jets also enables the application of different bias potentials to each jet with the principal possibility to generate a potential gradient between the two solution phases. This is shown for the case of a flatjet composed of a sodium iodide aqueous solution and neat liquid water. The implications of asymmetric biasing for flatjet photoelectron spectroscopy are discussed. The first photoemission spectra for a sandwich-type flatjet comprised of a water layer encapsulated by two outer layers of an organic solvent (toluene) are also shown.