Hydrophobicity-switchable deep eutectic solvent-based effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of floating droplets for HPLC determination of anthraquinones in fried Cassiae semen tea infusions
Zhihong Shi, Xinye Li, Yuehong Tian, Yuanyuan Fan, Junjie Liu, Hongyi Zhang
Abstract
without using any organic solvent or auxiliary equipment. Owing to the low melting/freezing point and low density compared with water, the extractant was solidified in an ice bath for the convenience of complete separation with the sample matrix. Some important parameters, such as species, molar ratio and volume of deep eutectic solvent, species and volume of effervescent agents were optimized to achieve the best extraction efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, extraction recoveries were obtained for four anthraquinones in the range of 91.1% to 111.9%. Relative standard deviations for intraday and interday precision were less than 3.3% and 4.0%, respectively. Greenness assessment demonstrated that the proposed method was greener than other reported methods for the determination of anthraquinones.