Synthesis of carbon dots from spent coffee grounds: transforming waste into potential biomedical tools
Yingru Zhou, Adalberto Camisasca, Sofia Dominguez‐Gil, Michał Bartkowski, Keith D. Rochfort, Martina Piletti, Anita White, Dorottya Krizsan, Robert O’Connor, Susan J. Quinn, Daniela Iacopino, Alex J. Eustace, Silvia Giordani
Abstract
studies with 120 h of incubation of SCG-derived CDs demonstrated their specific antiproliferative effect on the breast cancer CAL-51 cell line, accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Importantly, no impact was observed on healthy breast, kidney, and liver cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the intracellular accumulation of SCG-derived CDs. Furthermore, the drug efflux pumps P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) did not impact CD accumulation in the cancer cells.