Resilience‐based tri‐level framework for simultaneous transmission and substation expansion planning considering extreme weather‐related events
Mojtaba Shivaie, Mohammad Kiani‐Moghaddam, Philip D. Weinsier
Abstract
In this study, a new resilience‐based framework is presented for multi‐period simultaneous transmission and substation expansion planning (ST&SEP) considering extreme weather‐related events (EWEs). The formation of the proposed planning framework falls into a tri‐level optimisation problem with the aim of strengthening power network resilience in response to the EWEs. In the lower‐level problem, short‐term remedial corrective strategies of the independent system operator (ISO) after the EWEs are determined by applying network reconfiguration and generation redispatch. In the intermediate‐level problem, an enhanced scenario‐building approach is developed to model and analyse the EWEs, as non‐random uncertain events, and their subsequent detrimental effects using the notion of the fragility curves corresponding to power network components. In the upper‐level problem, however, long‐term remedial preventive strategies of the ISO, as network planner, after the EWEs are obtained through integrated decisions between multi‐period ST&SEP and transmission switching equipment planning. The newly proposed planning framework is formulated as a large‐scale mixed‐integer non‐linear tri‐level optimisation problem and is solved by a powerful symphony orchestra search algorithm in order to obtain the final optimal solution. The proposed planning framework is examined on the real‐world large‐scale Iranian 400‐kV power transmission network and its profitableness is assured by thorough simulation studies.