A mini review of treatment methods for lead removal from wastewater
Bushra Kamal, Abdul Rafey
Abstract
Contamination of water with heavy metals being discharged from several industrial activities has been gaining serious concern from quite a long time. Lead (Pb) is one of the highly toxic and harmful heavy metal that is present in high concentration in contaminated water. Several adsorption techniques have been investigated both using chemical and biological methods. The adsorption of Pb (II) ions was found to be affected by solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature. This study compares different chemical and biological methods for lead ion removal based on their properties and adsorption capacity. It is found that the chemical adsorption is quite efficient and chemical adsorbents have a higher removal percentage and adsorption capacity than the biological methods. Among the chemical methods, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit the highest metal adsorption capacity of 909 mg.g−1 due to their large surface area and high porosity. The ongoing and future research aims at minimising the contamination of wastewater from heavy metals and metal organic frameworks contain the potential to build the gap.