Water insecurity and psychosocial distress: case study of the Detroit water shutoffs
Nadia Gaber, Andrew Silva, Monica Lewis-Patrick, Emily Kutil, Debra L. Taylor, Roslyn Bouier
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Water insecurity poses a significant global challenge to health and development. While the biophysical and economic impacts of inadequate water and sanitation are well documented, the complex emotional and social tolls of water insecurity are less understood- particularly in the global North. In this article, we advance understandings of the psychosocial dimensions of water insecurity in Detroit, MI, where an estimated 100 000 households have been disconnected from water and sanitation services since the city declared bankruptcy in 2013. METHODS: A community-based participatory research study was conducted among residents of a local food pantry. A culturally relevant measure of water insecurity was developed through ethnographic engagement, then administered alongside the Kessler Psychological Distress scale. RESULTS: Our models reveal a substantial, statistically significant effect of water insecurity on psychological distress. Additionally, financial stress in paying for water and sanitation produces significant distress, even independent of water supply status. CONCLUSIONS: Curtailing water and sanitation access has complex, intersecting effects, including implications for community mental health. Rapidly rising utility rates across the USA, in the context of growing poverty, underscore the urgency of addressing this issue. The present study is the first we know of in the USA to examine the relationship between water insecurity and psychosocial distress.