Oral health practices and self-reported adverse effects of E-cigarette use among dental students in 11 countries: an online survey
Mohammed Nasser Alhajj, Sadeq Ali Al‐Maweri, Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn Foláyan, Esam Halboub, Yousef Khader, Ridwaan Omar, Abdullah G. Amran, Ola B. Al‐Batayneh, Asjâ Čelebić, Sanja Peršić, Hümeyra Kocaelli, Firas Suleyman, Abdulaziz A. Al‐Kheraif, Darshan Devang Divakar, Abdulbaset A. Mufadhal, Mohammed Ali Al-Wesabi, Wadhah Abdulnasser Alhajj, Mokhtar A. Aldumaini, Saadika Khan, Thiyezen Abdullah Aldhelai, Ahmed Shaher Alqahtani, Ali H. Murad, Joseph E. Makzoumé, Shivani Kohli, Tareq A. Ziyad
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: E-cigarette use has become popular, particularly among the youth. Its use is associated with harmful general and oral health consequences. This survey aimed to assess self-reported oral hygiene practices, oral and general health events, and changes in physiological functions (including physical status, smell, taste, breathing, appetite, etc.) due to E-cigarette use among dental students. METHODS: This online, multicounty survey involved undergraduate dental students from 20 dental schools across 11 different countries. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, E-cigarette practices, self-reported complaints, and associated physiological changes due to E-cigarette smoking. Data were descriptively presented as frequencies and percentages. A Chi-square test was used to assess the potential associations between the study group and sub-groups with the different factors. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Most respondents reported regular brushing of their teeth, whereas only 70% used additional oral hygiene aids. Reported frequencies of complaints ranged from as low as 3.3% for tongue inflammation to as high as 53.3% for headache, with significant differences between E-cigarette users and non-users. Compared to non-smokers, E-cigarette users reported significantly higher prevalence of dry mouth (33.1% vs. 23.4%; P < 0.001), black tongue (5.9% vs. 2.8%; P = 0.002), and heart palpitation (26.3%% vs. 22.8%; P = 0.001). Although two-thirds of the sample reported no change in their physiological functions, E-cigarette users reported significant improvement in their physiological functions compared to never smokers or tobacco users. CONCLUSION: Dental students showed good oral hygiene practices, but E-cigarette users showed a higher prevalence of health complications.