Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic melanoma by FNA: A practical review
Andrea Ronchi, Marco Montella, Federica Zito Marino, Giuseppe Argenziano, Elvira Moscarella, Gabriella Brancaccio, Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro, Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti, Teresa Troiani, Renato Franco, Immacolata Cozzolino
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a growing worldwide incidence. It is not uncommon that the disease is already metastatic at the time of the first diagnosis. Regional lymph nodes and skin are the first and most common metastatic sites, followed by distant visceral sites (lungs, liver, and central nervous system) and bone. In this clinical setting, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) often represents the first diagnostic approach. FNA is a useful tool to obtain a rapid and accurate diagnosis, in conjunction with ancillary techniques and molecular analysis, as recommended by recent guidelines. The aim of this review was to describe the cytomorphology, immunocytochemical tools, and molecular tools used for the diagnosis of MM metastases on FNA.