Time spent outside of target glucose range for young children with type 1 diabetes: a continuous glucose monitor study
Linda A. DiMeglio, Lauren Kanapka, Daniel J. DeSalvo, Barbara J. Anderson, Kara R. Harrington, Marisa E. Hilliard, Lori M. Laffel, William V. Tamborlane, Michelle Van Name, R. Paul Wadwa, Steven M. Willi, Stéphanie Woerner, Jenise C. Wong, Kellee M. Miller, for the SENCE Study Group
Abstract
Abstract Aim To assess the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and sensor glucose metrics in young children with type 1 diabetes, using masked, continuous glucose monitoring data from children aged 2 to < 8 years. Research design and methods The analysis included 143 children across 14 sites in the USA, enrolled in a separate clinical trial. Eligibility criteria were: age 2 to <8 years; type 1 diabetes duration ≥3 months; no continuous glucose monitoring use for past 30 days; and HbA 1c concentration 53 to <86 mmol/mol (7.0 to <10.0%). All participants wore masked continuous glucose monitors up to 14 days. Results On average, participants spent the majority (13 h) of the day in hyperglycaemia (>10.0 mmol/l) and a median of ~1 h/day in hypoglycaemia (<3.9 mmol/l). Participants with minority race/ethnicity and higher parent education levels spent more time in target range, 3.9–10.0 mmol/l, and less time in hyperglycaemia. More time in hypoglycaemia was associated with minority race/ethnicity and younger age at diagnosis. Continuous glucose monitoring metrics were similar in pump and injection users. Conclusions Given that both hypo‐ and hyperglycaemia negatively impact neurocognitive development, strategies to increase time in target glucose range for young children are needed.