A dual antibacterial action of soft quaternary ammonium compounds: bacteriostatic effects, membrane integrity, and reduced <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> toxicity
Doris Crnčević, Lucija Krce, Zlatko Brkljača, Mislav Cvitković, Sanja Babić, Rozelindra Čož‐Rakovac, Renata Odžak, Matilda Šprung
Abstract
cytotoxicity studies confirmed significantly lower toxicity compared to CPC. By addressing limitations associated with conventional QACs, including toxicity, resistance, and environmental persistence, these soft QACs provide a promising foundation for next-generation antimicrobials. This work advances the understanding of QAC mechanisms while paving the way for safer, eco-friendly applications in healthcare, agriculture, and industrial settings.
Topics & Concepts
In vivoIn vitroChemistryAmmoniumToxicityAntibacterial activityMembranePharmacologyCombinatorial chemistryBiochemistryBacteriaOrganic chemistryBiologyBiotechnologyGeneticsAntimicrobial agents and applicationsPhenothiazines and Benzothiazines Synthesis and ActivitiesMolecular Sensors and Ion Detection