The Effect of Hydrothermal Holding Time on The Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Synthesized from Green Mussel Shells
Rifky Ismail, Muhammad Bagus Laroybafih, Deni Fajar Fitriyana, Sri Nugroho, Yanuar Iman Santosa, Ahmad Jazilussurur Hakim, Mohammad Syahreza Al Mulqi, Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite is generally utilized in medical fields especially as a substitute to bone and teeth. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have been succesfully synthesized from green mussel shells as a source of calcium carbonate by hydrothermal method. The green mussel shells were calcined, hydrated, and undergone carbonation to form Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC). The PCC of shells was then added with (NH4)2HPO4 with the mole ratio of Ca/P = 1.67. Hydrothermal reaction was carried out at 160oC with variations of the holding time (14, 16, and 18 hrs). The formation of hydroxyapatite was characterized using XRD and SEM-EDX. The XRD patterns showed that the products were hydroxyapatite crystals. The morphology of hydroxyapatite observed using SEM showed that the crystal uniformity of hydroxyapatite. The best result was obtained at 18 hrs holding time of hydrothermal because the hydroxyapatite produced has the highest purity without any impurities phase.