The role of the hypoxia signaling pathway in cellular adaptation to hypoxia
О. Н. Титова, Н. А. Кузубова, Е.С. Лебедева
Abstract
The review presents an analysis of scientific publications in recent years devoted to the study on the cellular-molecular mechanism of cellular adaptation to hypoxia. In many respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic respiratory failure, etc.), the balance between the cells’ need for oxygen and its delivery is disrupted. It complicates the course of the diseases and is a potential factor in their progression. The microenvironment in the inflammatory areas becomes hypoxic (so-called inflammatory hypoxia). The formation of long-term adaptation to pathological hypoxia is associated with the expression of a specific hypoxia-induced factor (HIF). It serves as a transcription activator for more than 300 genes and is a key regulator of various cellular and systemic responses to hypoxia, including angiogenesis, cell proliferation, cellular migration, regeneration, antigen presentation, cytokine and antimicrobial peptide production, phagocytosis, apoptosis, and cellular metabolic reprogramming. The article also considers the complex cross-interaction between HIF signaling and the nuclear transcription factor κB — NF-κB) signaling pathway (one of the main regulators of inflammation and immune responses). Possible therapeutic methods for controlling inflammation and immune-related diseases based on the principle of regulating the HIF signaling pathway are discussed. KEYWORDS: respiratory diseases, hypoxia, hypoxia-induced factor, adaptation, inflammation, immunity, targeted therapy. FOR CITATION: Titova O.N., Kuzubova N.A., Lebedeva E.S. The role of the hypoxia signaling pathway in cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(4):207–213. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-207-213.