Cancelable Speaker Identification System Based on Optical-Like Encryption Algorithms
Safaa El‐Gazar, Walid El‐Shafai, Ghada M. El‐Banby, Hesham F. A. Hamed, Gerges M. Salama, Mohammed Abd‐Elnaby, Fathi E. Abd El‐Samie
Abstract
Biometric authentication is a rapidly growing trend that is gaining increasing attention in the last decades. It achieves safe access to systems using biometrics instead of the traditional passwords. The utilization of a biometric in its original format makes it usable only once. Therefore, a cancelable biometric template should be used, so that it can be replaced when it is attacked. Cancelable biometrics aims to enhance the security and privacy of biometric authentication. Digital encryption is an efficient technique to be used in order to generate cancelable biometric templates. In this paper, a highly-secure encryption algorithm is proposed to ensure secure biometric data in verification systems. The considered biometric in this paper is the speech signal. The speech signal is transformed into its spectrogram. Then, the spectrogram is encrypted using two cascaded optical encryption algorithms. The first algorithm is the Optical Scanning Holography (OSH) for its efficiency as an encryption tool. The OSH encrypted spectrogram is encrypted using Double Random Phase Encoding (DRPE) by implementing two Random Phase Masks (RPMs). After the two cascaded optical encryption algorithms, the cancelable template is obtained. The verification is implemented through correlation estimation between enrolled and test templates in their encrypted format. If the correlation value is larger than a threshold value, the user is authorized. The threshold value can be determined from the genuine and imposter correlation distribution curves as the midpoint between the two curves. The implementation of optical encryption is adopted using its software rather than the optical setup. The efficiency of the proposed cancelable biometric algorithm is illustrated by the simulation results. It can improve the biometric data security without deteriorating the recognition accuracy. Simulation results give close-to-zero values for the Equal Error Rate (EER) and close-to-one values for the Area under Receiver Operator Characteristic (AROC) curve.