Regulation of mTORC1 by Upstream Stimuli
Chase H. Melick, Jenna L. Jewell
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionary conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase that senses multiple upstream stimuli to control cell growth, metabolism, and autophagy. mTOR is the catalytic subunit of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). A significant amount of research has uncovered the signaling pathways regulated by mTORC1, and the involvement of these signaling cascades in human diseases like cancer, diabetes, and ageing. Here, we review advances in mTORC1 regulation by upstream stimuli. We specifically focus on how growth factors, amino acids, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), phosphorylation, and small GTPases regulate mTORC1 activity and signaling.
Topics & Concepts
mTORC1PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathwayCell biologyAutophagyGTPaseG protein-coupled receptorBiologySignal transductionmTORC2Mechanistic target of rapamycinPhosphorylationKinaseBiochemistryApoptosisPI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancerProtein Kinase Regulation and GTPase SignalingPolyamine Metabolism and Applications