Dynamic adsorption of toxic indigo carmine dye on bio-inspired synthesised Fe <sub>3</sub> O <sub>4</sub> nanoparticles: kinetic and thermodynamic study
S. A. Patil, Pramod Kumbhar, Sandip K. Patil, Madagonda M. Vadiyar, Umesh P. Suryawanshi, Chitra Jambhale, Mansing A. Anuse, Jin Hee Kim, Sanjay S. Kolekar
Abstract
The bio-inspired synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using a common kitchen waste, Bengal gram bean (Cicer arietinum L.) extract (BGBE) for enhanced adsorption of toxic indigo carmine dye is reported. Synthesised adsorbent was characterised by FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD, BET and XPS to understand its meticulous properties. The Fe3O4 adsorbent shows fascinating surface area of 78.61 m2 g−1 with a pore volume of 0.25 cc g−1 at P/P0 = 0.98 and displayed nanograin like morphology. The efficiency towards adsorption of toxic IC dye was found up to 99.71 ± 0.35% within 40 min at pH 7 with 0.25 g of Fe3O4 nanomaterials having the 299 ± 2 K surrounding temperature. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity was found to 393.7 mg g−1 at the stroke speed 150 rpm. The experimental data follows the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Kinetically the uptake rate of IC dye follows pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study reveals that IC dye adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature.