Involvement of paraspeckle components in viral infections
Romane Milcamps, Thomas Michiels
Abstract
Paraspeckles are non-membranous subnuclear bodies, formed through the interaction between the architectural long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) and specific RNA-binding proteins, including the three Drosophila Behavior/Human Splicing (DBHS) family members (PSPC1 (Paraspeckle Component 1), SFPQ (Splicing Factor Proline and Glutamine Rich) and NONO (Non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein)).Paraspeckle components were found to impact viral infections through various mechanisms, such as induction of antiviral gene expression, IRES-mediated translation, or viral mRNA polyadenylation.A complex involving NEAT1 RNA and paraspeckle proteins was also found to modulate interferon gene transcription after nuclear DNA sensing, through the activation of the cGAS-STING axis.This review aims to provide an overview on how these elements actively contribute to the dynamics of viral infections.