Physical Activity, Alzheimer Plasma Biomarkers, and Cognition
Seung Ae Kim, Daeun Shin, Hongki Ham, Yeshin Kim, Yuna Gu, Hee Jin Kim, Duk L. Na, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Sang Won Seo, Hyemin Jang, Sang Won Seo, Duk L. Na, Hyemin Jang, Young-Soo Kim, Sun-Ho Han, Joon-Kyung Seong, Junkyu Choi, Eek‐Sung Lee, Juhee Chin, Chi‐Hun Kim, Hee Jin Kim, Haesook Bok, Sung Hoon Kang, Yeshin Kim, Si Eun Kim, Hang-Rai Kim, Na‐Yeon Jung, Seung Joo Kim, Seunghee Na, Geon Ha Kim, Ko Woon Kim, Jin San Lee, Hanna Cho, Yeo Jin Kim, Soo Hyun Cho, Byeong C. Kim, Dong Young Lee, So Young Moon, Min Soo Byun, Giijung Jung, Dahyun Yi, Han Na Lee, Jae‐Won Jang, Jee Hyang Jeong, Young Hee Jung, Jong Hun Kim, Young Noh, Hyunjung Yang, Y. Ha, Hae-Eun Shin, Kyunghun Kang, SungHui Eom, Ki Young Shin, Yeongshin Kim, Ji Sung Jang, Changsik Yoon, Do Kyung Lee, Hongki Ham, Yu Hyun Park, Soo-Jong Kim, Byung-Hyun Byun, Yejoo Choi, Na Kyung Lee, Hong-Hee Won, Minyoung Cho, Sang‐Hyuk Jung, Dong Hyun Lee, Beomsu Kim, Jin‐Kyu Seo, Bo Kyoung Cheon, Young‐Ju Kim
Abstract
Importance: Physical activity (PA) is a nonpharmacological intervention for dementia prevention. The association between PA and Alzheimer disease (AD) plasma biomarkers remains underexplored. Objective: To investigate the associations among PA; plasma biomarkers, including β-amyloid 42/40 (Aβ42/40), phosphorylated-tau217 (ptau217), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL); and cognition. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study included participants with and without cognitive impairment recruited from multiple memory clinics in South Korea between May 2019 and May 2022. Data were analyzed from June to December 2024. Exposures: PA was assessed as metabolic equivalent task minutes per week using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized into quartiles from the lowest (Q1) to the highest (Q4). Main Outcomes and Measures: Plasma Aβ42/40, ptau217, GFAP, and NfL were measured. Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB). Results: Among 1144 participants (mean [SD] age 70.9 [8.7] years; 744 [65.0%] female), the highest PA quartile showed significantly lower ptau217 (estimate [SE], -0.14 [0.06]; P = .01) and NfL (estimate [SE], -0.12 [0.05]; P = .01) compared with the lowest quartile. Higher PA quartiles were associated with higher MMSE scores (estimate [SE]: Q2, 0.93 [0.31]; P = .003; Q3, 0.82 [0.32]; P = .009; Q4, 0.94 [0.32]; P = .004) and lower CDR-SB scores (estimate [SE]: Q2, -0.33 [0.16]; P = .04; Q3, -0.37 [0.16]; P = .02; Q4, -0.55 [0.16]; P = .001) after adjusting for age, sex, education years, and β-amyloid uptake. In subgroup analyses according to age and cognitive status, the associations of PA and plasma biomarkers with cognition were more pronounced in the older (age ≥65 years) and cognitively impaired groups compared with the younger and cognitively unimpaired groups. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that PA may help delay cognitive decline by modulating neurodegeneration and AD-specific tau pathologies. However, the cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and longitudinal studies are needed to confirm and clarify these associations.