A Dicationic <i>fac</i>-Re(bpy)(CO)<sub>3</sub>Cl for CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction at a Reduced Overpotential
Laura Rotundo, Shahbaz Ahmad, Chiara Cappuccino, Dmitry E. Polyansky, Mehmed Z. Ertem, Gerald F. Manbeck
Abstract
A dicationic Re bipyridine-type complex, fac -Re(6,6′-(2-((trimethylammonio)-methyl)phenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine )(CO) 3 Cl hexafluorophosphate ( 1 2+ ), has been synthesized, and its electrochemical behavior under Ar and CO 2 has been investigated. The presence of pendent tetra-alkylammonium cations induces an anodic shift in the electrocatalytic potential for CO 2 reduction relative to structurally similar model complexes. The electrochemical mechanisms in anhydrous CH 3 CN and in the presence of weak acids (water or trifluoroethanol) have been analyzed using cyclic voltammetry assisted by infrared spectroelectrochemistry and theoretical calculations. The dication enables catalysis at a diminished potential through Coulombic stabilization of the doubly reduced pentacoordinate species, its CO 2 adduct, the hydroxide anion, and the conjugate base formed during acid-assisted C–OH bond cleavage of the metallocarboxylic acid to the metallocarbonyl and H 2 O. The major reduction product is CO, but in the presence of trifluoroethanol, formate is also produced with 14% Faradaic efficiency.