Cancer biology and molecular genetics of A3 adenosine receptor
Chiara Mazziotta, John Charles Rotondo, Carmen Lanzillotti, Giulia Campione, Fernanda Martini, Mauro Tognon
Abstract
Abstract A 3 adenosine receptor (A 3 AR) is a cell membrane protein, which has been found to be overexpressed in a large number of cancer types. This receptor plays an important role in cancer by interacting with adenosine. Specifically, A 3 AR has a dual nature in different pathophysiological conditions, as it is expressed according to tissue type and stimulated by an adenosine dose-dependent manner. A 3 AR activation leads to tumor growth, cell proliferation and survival in some cases, while triggering cytostatic and apoptotic pathways in others. This review aims to describe the most relevant aspects of A 3 AR activation and its ligands whereas it summarizes A 3 AR activities in cancer. Progress in the field of A 3 AR modulators, with a potential therapeutic role in cancer treatment are reported, as well.