Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of kojic acid-1,2,3-triazole based dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran derivatives using Fe3O4@CQD@CuI as a novel nanomagnetic catalyst
Zahra Najafi, Soheila Esmaili, Behnam Khaleseh, Saeed Babaee, Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh, Gholamabbas Chehardoli, Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Abstract The magnetic nanoparticles coated with carbon quantum dot and copper (I) iodide (Fe 3 O 4 @CQD@CuI) were used as eco-friendly heterogeneous Lewis / Brønsted acid sites and Cu (I) nanocatalysts. In the first step, it was applied in the synthesis of kojic acid-based dihydropyrano[3,2- b ]pyran derivatives in a three-component reaction and in the second step, as a recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of kojic acid-1,2,3-triazole based dihydropyrano[3,2- b ]pyran derivatives in the CuI-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The catalyst was characterized fully by using the different techniques including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental mapping analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric (TG) and value-stream mapping (VSM) methods. The final synthesized derivatives were identified by 1 H- and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy.