Utilization of the Parenteral Morphine in Emergency Department using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification/Defined Daily Doses (ATC/DDD) System.
Farzad Bozorgi, Ebrahim Salehifar, Seyed Mohammad Hosseininejad, Siavash Moradi, Ghazaleh Janbazi, Aroona Chabra
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utilization of the parenteral morphine in Emergency Department (ED) using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification/Defined Daily Doses (ATC/DDD) system. METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, morphine administration was recorded in 4-year time period from January 2013 to December 2016 in the ED of a referral center. The dose of the administered morphine was evaluated using the ATC/DDD system. The ATC/DDD of the parenteral morphine was calculated based on the world health organization (WHO). The data was evaluated based on the different diagnosis and conditions using the ATC/DDD protocol. RESULTS: <0.001). CONCLUSION: The utilization of parenteral morphine in the ED of our center was higher than the WHO standard dosage. The morphine utilization was associated with male gender, opium addiction and TCA consumption.