Toward 224-Gb/s Electrical Signaling—Modulation, Equalization, and Channel Options
Masum Hossain, W.T. Beyene
Abstract
This article explores different modulation and signaling techniques with the goal to achieve 224-Gb/s link speed through electrical signaling. Focus of this work spans from interconnects to transceiver architecture from system and signaling point of view. In addition to traditional multilevel signaling pulse amplitude modulation-4 (PAM-4 and PAM-8), this work also compares simultaneous bidirectional signaling and multiwire encoding techniques as potential solutions beyond 224-Gb/s link. These signaling options are compared both from performance and implementation complexity point of view with possible improvements required to further extend the speed and reach of electrical signaling.
Topics & Concepts
TransceiverModulation (music)Electronic engineeringEqualization (audio)Pulse-amplitude modulationComputer sciencePoint-to-pointSIGNAL (programming language)Channel (broadcasting)TelecommunicationsEngineeringPulse (music)PhysicsWirelessAcousticsProgramming languageDetectorAdvancements in PLL and VCO TechnologiesSemiconductor Lasers and Optical DevicesSemiconductor materials and devices