2023 <scp>HRS</scp>/<scp>APHRS</scp>/<scp>LAHRS</scp> guideline on cardiac physiologic pacing for the avoidance and mitigation of heart failure
Mina K. Chung, Kristen K. Patton, Chu‐Pak Lau, Alexander Romeno Janner Dal Forno, Sana M. Al‐Khatib, Vanita Arora, Ulrika Birgersdotter‐Green, Yong‐Mei Cha, Eugene H. Chung, Edmond M. Cronin, Anne B. Curtis, Iwona Cygankiewicz, Gopi Dandamudi, Anne M. Dubin, Douglas P. Ensch, Taya V. Glotzer, Michael R. Gold, Zachary D. Goldberger, Rakesh Gopinathannair, Eiran Z. Gorodeski, Alejandra Gutiérrez, Juan C. Guzmán, Weijian Huang, Peter B. Imrey, Julia H. Indik, Saima Karim, Peter P. Karpawich, Yaariv Khaykin, Erich L. Kiehl, Jordana Kron, Valentina Kutyifa, Mark S. Link, Joseph E. Marine, Wilfried Müllens, Seung‐Jung Park, Ratika Parkash, Manuel Patete, Rajeev K. Pathak, Carlos Perona, John Rickard, Mark H. Schoenfeld, Swee‐Chong Seow, Win‐Kuang Shen, Morio Shoda, Jagmeet P. Singh, David J. Slotwiner, Arun Raghav Mahankali Sridhar, Uma N. Srivatsa, Eric C. Stecker, Tanyanan Tanawuttiwat, W.H. Wilson Tang, Carlos A. Tapias, Cynthia M. Tracy, Gaurav A. Upadhyay, Niraj Varma, Kevin Vernooy, Pugazhendhi Vijayaraman, Sarah Ann Worsnick, Wojciech Zaręba, Emily P. Zeitler, Document Reviewers, Néstor López-Cabanillas, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, Wei Hua, Takanori Ikeda, Judith A. Mackall, Pamela Mason, Christopher J. McLeod, Theofanie Mela, Jeremy P. Moore, Laurel Kay Racenet
Abstract
Cardiac physiologic pacing (CPP), encompassing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and conduction system pacing (CSP), has emerged as a pacing therapy strategy that may mitigate or prevent the development of heart failure (HF) in patients with ventricular dyssynchrony or pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. This clinical practice guideline is intended to provide guidance on indications for CRT for HF therapy and CPP in patients with pacemaker indications or HF, patient selection, pre-procedure evaluation and preparation, implant procedure management, follow-up evaluation and optimization of CPP response, and use in pediatric populations. Gaps in knowledge, pointing to new directions for future research, are also identified.