Non-Coding RNAs as Regulators and Markers for Targeting of Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells
Kirti S. Prabhu, Afsheen Raza, Thasni Karedath, Syed Shadab Raza, Hamna Fathima, Eiman I. Ahmed, Shilpa Kuttikrishnan, Lubna Therachiyil, Michał Kuliński, Said Dermime, Kulsoom Junejo, Martin Steinhoff, Shahab Uddin
Abstract
Breast cancer is regarded as a heterogeneous and complicated disease that remains the prime focus in the domain of public health concern. Next-generation sequencing technologies provided a new perspective dimension to non-coding RNAs, which were initially considered to be transcriptional noise or a product generated from erroneous transcription. Even though understanding of biological and molecular functions of noncoding RNA remains enigmatic, researchers have established the pivotal role of these RNAs in governing a plethora of biological phenomena that includes cancer-associated cellular processes such as proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and stemness. In addition to this, the transmission of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs was identified as a source of communication to breast cancer cells either locally or systemically. The present review provides in-depth information with an aim at discovering the fundamental potential of non-coding RNAs, by providing knowledge of biogenesis and functional roles of micro RNA and long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells, as either oncogenic drivers or tumor suppressors. Furthermore, non-coding RNAs and their potential role as diagnostic and therapeutic moieties have also been summarized.