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Periodic Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluid Over a Uniformly Heated Block With Thermal Plates: A Hybrid Mesh-Based Study

Afraz Hussain Majeed, Rashid Mahmood, Nawaf N. Hamadneh, Imran Siddique, Ilyas Khan, Nawa Alshammari

2022Frontiers in Physics17 citationsDOIOpen Access PDF

Abstract

In this work, we analyze the characteristics of periodic flows in non-isothermal viscous fluid over a heated block in the presence of thermal plates at Reynolds number <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m1"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>100</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> . The unsteady, incompressible Navier–Stokes (NS) equations with suitable initial and boundary data in 2D are executed by the finite element technique using a highly refined hybrid mesh. The temporal discretization is performed by an implicit stable backward differencing in time and a stable choice of finite elements from the finite element library for spatial discretization. The discrete nonlinear system arising from this discretization is linearized by Newton’s method and then solved through a direct linear solver PARDISO. For this forced convective study, the range of dimensionless parameters, namely, the Prandtl number <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m2"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> and power law index <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m3"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> , are varied from 1 to 10 and 0.6 to 1.4 with a low Grashof number varying as <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m4"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> to produce a forced convection regime, respectively. For the authentication, we have compared our results with the literature at a similar configuration. After simulation, the results accomplished in the velocity profile, pressure, isotherm contours, drag and lift coefficients (trajectory motion), average Nusselt number <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m5"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> , etc. are considered. For convergence of solution at low shear rate <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m6"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> , crosswind stabilization (CWS) function has been incorporated. It is observed that <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m7"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> becomes oscillatory for the shear-thinning case <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m8"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> , while for the shear-thickening cases <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m9"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> , it converges to a single value. Furthermore, the drag <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m10"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>D</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> and lift <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m11"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>L</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> coefficients are more pronounced for shear-thinning cases <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m12"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> as compared with shear-thickening cases <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m13"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>.</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>

Topics & Concepts

AlgorithmComputer scienceMaterials scienceFluid Dynamics and Vibration AnalysisNanofluid Flow and Heat TransferFluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
Periodic Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluid Over a Uniformly Heated Block With Thermal Plates: A Hybrid Mesh-Based Study | Litcius